Plaza de Armas Cusco

The Plaza de Armas has been the focal point of Cusco since the days of the Inca Empire, when it was known as Huacaypata (Square of the Warrior or Square of Weeping). During the Inca period, it was twice its current size and served as the venue for important religious and military ceremonies. Following the Spanish conquest in the 16th century, the conquistadors built their own stone arches and grand cathedrals directly over the foundations of Inca palaces, creating the striking architectural contrast visible today.

Today, the plaza is a UNESCO World Heritage site and the undisputed heart of the city. It is a place where history feels alive, with indigenous women in colorful traditional dress walking alongside backpackers from around the globe. The square is particularly magical at night when the colonial arches and the imposing facades of the Cathedral and the Church of the Society of Jesus are beautifully illuminated against the dark Andean sky.

Reasons to Visit

• To witness the stunning blend of Inca stone foundations and Spanish colonial architecture.
• To visit the Cusco Cathedral, home to a unique painting of the Last Supper featuring a roasted guinea pig.
• To experience the vibrant atmosphere, street performers, and local festivals that frequently take place in the square.
• To enjoy a meal or a Pisco Sour on one of the iconic wooden balconies overlooking the city center.

Things to Avoid

• Avoid eating at the restaurants directly on the plaza if you are on a strict budget, as prices are significantly marked up for tourists.
• Do not accept unsolicited tours or buy expensive artwork from aggressive street vendors without verifying their authenticity.
• Avoid overexerting yourself on your first day; the high altitude can cause severe sickness if you do not acclimate properly.
• Do not take photos of locals or their alpacas without offering a small tip, as this is their livelihood.

Local Transportation Tips

The best way to explore the Plaza de Armas and the surrounding historic center is on foot. The area is highly pedestrian-friendly, though the cobblestone streets and slight inclines can be tiring at high altitude. Taxis are plentiful and inexpensive for traveling to other parts of the city, but traffic around the historic center can be congested. Ride-sharing apps like Uber are also available and offer a safe, fixed-price alternative to street taxis.

Travel Etiquette

• Always ask for permission before photographing local people, especially those in traditional attire, and be prepared to offer a small tip.
• Dress modestly when entering the Cathedral or any other religious sites around the plaza.
• Bargaining is acceptable in local markets, but do so respectfully and with a smile.
• Greet shopkeepers and restaurant staff with a polite 'Buenos días' or 'Buenas tardes' upon entering.

Recommended Age Group

Plaza de Armas Cusco is a captivating destination that offers something for almost every age group, though the high altitude requires consideration.

• Babies (0-2 years): Neutral. While the plaza is beautiful, the high altitude can be difficult for infants, and the cobblestone streets make navigating with a stroller challenging.
• Kids (3-12 years): Recommended. Children will enjoy the open space, the colorful traditional clothing of the locals, and the lively atmosphere of the square.
• Teens (13-19 years): Recommended. The rich history, vibrant culture, and excellent photography opportunities make it highly engaging for teenagers.
• Adults (20-64 years): Recommended. Perfect for adults interested in history, architecture, gastronomy, and cultural immersion.
• Seniors (65+ years): Recommended. There are plenty of benches to sit and people-watch, though seniors should consult a doctor regarding the high altitude before visiting.

Accessibility Level: Medium

• The main pathways through the center of the plaza are relatively flat and paved, making them accessible for wheelchair users.
• However, the surrounding streets feature uneven cobblestones and narrow sidewalks that can be difficult to navigate.
• Access to some of the historic buildings and balcony restaurants may require climbing stairs, as elevators are rare in colonial structures.
• Accessible restrooms are available in some of the higher-end restaurants and hotels bordering the square.

Did You Know?

Did you know that the Plaza de Armas was the site of the execution of Túpac Amaru II in 1781? He was an indigenous leader who led a massive, though ultimately unsuccessful, rebellion against the Spanish colonial authorities. Today, a statue in his honor stands in another square in Cusco, but his legacy is deeply tied to the history of the Plaza de Armas.

Cool Statistics

• Elevation: 3,399 meters (11,152 feet) above sea level.
• Original Inca Name: Huacaypata.
• Construction of the Cusco Cathedral took nearly 100 years, completed in 1654.
• The plaza is surrounded by two major churches and colonial arcades on three sides.